Master ESL with Ease: Avoiding Common English Mistakes

Essential Vocabulary and Examples for Avoiding Common English Mistakes

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on mastering common English mistakes, designed specifically for ESL learners. This lesson aims to help you understand and avoid typical errors that non-native speakers often encounter. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of 100 essential phrases and their meanings, accompanied by over 300 examples to reinforce your learning.

In this lesson, you will:

• Learn 100 key phrases and their meanings.
• See over 300 examples illustrating correct usage.
• Gain confidence in using English accurately.

Useful Vocabulary for Avoiding Common English Mistakes: This section covers a range of phrases and expressions that are often misused by ESL learners. We will provide clear definitions and numerous examples to ensure you understand how to use them correctly.

Mastering Common English Mistakes: Essential Phrases and Examples

1. Phrase: "Accept" vs "Except"
   • Meaning:
     • Accept: To receive something willingly.
     • Except: To exclude something.
   • Examples:
     1. I accept your apology.
     2. Everyone is going to the party except John.
     3. Will you accept the job offer?
     4. She likes all fruits except bananas.
2. Phrase: "Affect" vs "Effect"
   • Meaning:
     • Affect: To influence something.
     • Effect: A result or outcome.
   • Examples:
     1. The weather can affect your mood.
     2. The new law had a positive effect on the economy.
     3. Her speech affected everyone deeply.
     4. The medicine had some side effects.
3. Phrase: "Advice" vs "Advise"
   • Meaning:
     • Advice: A recommendation about what to do.
     • Advise: To give advice.
   • Examples:
     1. She gave me some good advice.
     2. I advise you to take the offer.
     3. His advice was very helpful.
     4. Doctors advise patients to exercise regularly.
4. Phrase: "Allude" vs "Elude"
   • Meaning:
     • Allude: To refer to something indirectly.
     • Elude: To escape from something.
   • Examples:
     1. She alluded to the previous incident in her speech.
     2. The suspect managed to elude the police.
     3. He often alludes to his favourite books.
     4. The solution eluded them for years.
5. Phrase: "Allusion" vs "Illusion"
   • Meaning:
     • Allusion: An indirect reference.
     • Illusion: A false impression or deceptive appearance.
   • Examples:
     1. The poem makes an allusion to classical mythology.
     2. The magician created the illusion of levitation.
     3. Her speech was filled with literary allusions.
     4. The optical illusion tricked everyone.
6. Phrase: "Among" vs "Between"
   • Meaning:
     • Among: Refers to being part of a group.
     • Between: Refers to the space separating two points or objects.
   • Examples:
     1. She found her keys among the papers.
     2. The secret was kept between the two friends.
     3. Distribute the candies among the children.
     4. The agreement is between the company and the client.
7. Phrase: "Assure" vs "Ensure" vs "Insure"
   • Meaning:
     • Assure: To tell someone something positively to dispel any doubts.
     • Ensure: To make sure something happens.
     • Insure: To arrange for compensation in the event of damage or loss.
   • Examples:
     1. I assure you, everything will be fine.
     2. Please ensure that all windows are closed.
     3. We need to insure the car against theft.
     4. He assured me that he would arrive on time.
8. Phrase: "Awhile" vs "A While"
   • Meaning:
     • Awhile: For a short time.
     • A While: A period of time.
   • Examples:
     1. Sit here awhile and rest.
     2. It took a while to finish the project.
     3. She stayed awhile and then left.
     4. After a while, he decided to leave.
9. Phrase: "Breath" vs "Breathe"
   • Meaning:
     • Breath: The air taken into or expelled from the lungs.
     • Breathe: The act of inhaling and exhaling.
   • Examples:
     1. Take a deep breath and relax.
     2. She needs to breathe deeply.
     3. His breath was visible in the cold air.
     4. Doctors advise patients to breathe slowly.
10. Phrase: "Cite" vs "Site" vs "Sight"
    • Meaning:
      • Cite: To quote as evidence.
      • Site: A location or place.
      • Sight: The ability to see.
    • Examples:
      1. You must cite your sources in the report.
      2. The construction site is busy today.
      3. The sight of the mountains was breathtaking.
      4. He was cited for his contributions to the field.
11. Phrase: "Complement" vs "Compliment"
    • Meaning:
      • Complement: Something that completes or goes well with something.
      • Compliment: A polite expression of praise.
    • Examples:
      1. The wine complements the meal perfectly.
      2. She gave me a nice compliment about my dress.
      3. His skills complement hers.
      4. He received a compliment for his presentation.
12. Phrase: "Conscience" vs "Conscious"
    • Meaning:
      • Conscience: A person's moral sense of right and wrong.
      • Conscious: Aware of and responding to one's surroundings.
    • Examples:
      1. Her conscience wouldn't let her lie.
      2. He was fully conscious during the operation.
      3. She has a clear conscience.
      4. The patient became conscious after the treatment.
13. Phrase: "Council" vs "Counsel"
    • Meaning:
      • Council: An assembly or advisory group of people.
      • Counsel: Advice or guidance.
    • Examples:
      1. The city council meets every Tuesday.
      2. She sought counsel from her mentor.
      3. The council passed a new regulation.
      4. His counsel was invaluable.
14. Phrase: "Desert" vs "Dessert"
    • Meaning:
      • Desert: A barren, sandy area.
      • Dessert: The sweet course eaten at the end of a meal.
    • Examples:
      1. Camels are adapted to life in the desert.
      2. We had ice cream for dessert.
      3. The desert is extremely hot during the day.
      4. Chocolate cake is my favourite dessert.
15. Phrase: "Disinterested" vs "Uninterested"
    • Meaning:
      • Disinterested: Impartial or unbiased.
      • Uninterested: Not interested.
    • Examples:
      1. A disinterested judge is crucial for a fair trial.
      2. She seemed uninterested in the lecture.
      3. He gave disinterested advice.
      4. The kids were uninterested in the topic.
16. Phrase: "Elicit" vs "Illicit"
    • Meaning:
      • Elicit: To draw out a response.
      • Illicit: Forbidden by law.
    • Examples:
      1. The question elicited various responses.
      2. He was arrested for illicit activities.
      3. Her speech elicited applause.
      4. Illicit drugs are a serious issue.
17. Phrase: "Eminent" vs "Imminent"
    • Meaning:
      • Eminent: Famous and respected.
      • Imminent: About to happen.
    • Examples:
      1. The eminent scientist won a Nobel Prize.
      2. A storm is imminent.
      3. He is an eminent professor.
      4. An imminent decision is expected.
18. Phrase: "Ensure" vs "Insure"
    • Meaning:
      • Ensure: To make certain.
      • Insure: To arrange for compensation in the event of damage or loss.
    • Examples:
      1. Please ensure that the door is locked.
      2. We need to insure our house.
      3. The policy ensures your safety.
      4. He insured his car.
19. Phrase: "Farther" vs "Further"
    • Meaning:
      • Farther: Greater physical distance.
      • Further: Additional degree or extent.
    • Examples:
      1. We walked farther than expected.
      2. He provided further information.
      3. The farther we go, the better.
      4. Further studies are needed.
20. Phrase: "Fewer" vs "Less"
    • Meaning:
      • Fewer: Countable items.
      • Less: Uncountable items.
    • Examples:
      1. There are fewer apples in the basket.
      2. We need less sugar in this recipe.
      3. Fewer students attended the class.
      4. I have less time to finish this.
21. Phrase: "Formally" vs "Formerly"
    • Meaning:
      • Formally: Officially or ceremoniously.
      • Formerly: Previously.
    • Examples:
      1. The CEO was formally introduced.
      2. He was formerly a teacher.
      3. She dressed formally for the event.
      4. The building was formerly a school.
22. Phrase: "Good" vs "Well"
    • Meaning:
      • Good: Adjective describing a noun.
      • Well: Adverb describing an action.
    • Examples:
      1. She is a good singer.
      2. He sings well.
      3. The food tastes good.
      4. She performs well under pressure.
23. Phrase: "Imply" vs "Infer"
    • Meaning:
      • Imply: To suggest indirectly.
      • Infer: To conclude from evidence.
    • Examples:
      1. He implied that he was unhappy.
      2. From his tone, I inferred he was upset.
      3. The report implies some issues.
      4. We inferred the results from the data.
24. Phrase: "Its" vs "It's"
    • Meaning:
      • Its: Possessive form of "it."
      • It's: Contraction of "it is" or "it has."
    • Examples:
      1. The cat licked its paws.
      2. It's raining outside.
      3. The company changed its policy.
      4. It's been a long day.
25. Phrase: "Lay" vs "Lie"
    • Meaning:
      • Lay: To place something down.
      • Lie: To recline.
    • Examples:
      1. Lay the book on the table.
      2. I need to lie down.
      3. She lays the baby in the crib.
      4. He lies on the couch every afternoon.
26. Phrase: "Lead" vs "Led"
    • Meaning:
      • Lead: To guide or direct.
      • Led: Past tense of "lead."
    • Examples:
      1. She will lead the team.
      2. He led the group last year.
      3. They need someone to lead them.
      4. She led by example.
27. Phrase: "Loose" vs "Lose"
    • Meaning:
      • Loose: Not tight or free.
      • Lose: To misplace or be deprived of.
    • Examples:
      1. The shirt is too loose.
      2. I don't want to lose my keys.
      3. He let the dog loose.
      4. She will lose her patience.
28. Phrase: "Moral" vs "Morale"
    • Meaning:
      • Moral: Principles of right and wrong.
      • Morale: The confidence or enthusiasm of a group.
    • Examples:
      1. The story has a moral lesson.
      2. The team's morale was high after the win.
      3. She has strong moral values.
      4. The morale in the office improved.
29. Phrase: "Peace" vs "Piece"
    • Meaning:
      • Peace: A state of tranquility.
      • Piece: A portion of something.
    • Examples:
      1. They wish for world peace.
      2. Can I have a piece of cake?
      3. She meditates for inner peace.
      4. He picked up a piece of paper.
30. Phrase: "Principal" vs "Principle"
    • Meaning:
      • Principal: The head of a school or main.
      • Principle: A fundamental truth or belief.
    • Examples:
      1. The principal gave a speech.
      2. Honesty is a core principle.
      3. The principal amount is due.
      4. She stands by her principles.
31. Phrase: "Stationary" vs "Stationery"
    • Meaning:
      • Stationary: Not moving.
      • Stationery: Writing materials.
    • Examples:
      1. The car remained stationary.
      2. She bought new stationery.
      3. He was hit by a stationary object.
      4. The stationery store is nearby.
32. Phrase: "Than" vs "Then"
    • Meaning:
      • Than: Used in comparisons.
      • Then: Refers to time or sequence.
    • Examples:
      1. She is taller than her brother.
      2. First we went to the market, then we had lunch.
      3. He likes apples more than oranges.
      4. Finish your work, then you can play.
33. Phrase: "Their" vs "There" vs "They're"
    • Meaning:
      • Their: Possessive form of "they."
      • There: Refers to a place or existence.
      • They're: Contraction of "they are."
    • Examples:
      1. Their house is beautiful.
      2. Look over there.
      3. They're coming over for dinner.
      4. Their dog is friendly.
34. Phrase: "Threw" vs "Through"
    • Meaning:
      • Threw: Past tense of "throw."
      • Through: Moving in one side and out the other.
    • Examples:
      1. He threw the ball.
      2. We walked through the park.
      3. She threw away the trash.
      4. They drove through the tunnel.
35. Phrase: "To" vs "Too" vs "Two"
    • Meaning:
      • To: Indicates direction or purpose.
      • Too: Also or excessively.
      • Two: The number 2.
    • Examples:
      1. I am going to the store.
      2. She is coming too.
      3. They have two cars.
      4. He is too tired to walk.
36. Phrase: "Waist" vs "Waste"
    • Meaning:
      • Waist: The part of the body between the ribs and hips.
      • Waste: To use carelessly.
    • Examples:
      1. The belt fits around the waist.
      2. Don't waste your money.
      3. She measured her waist.
      4. Wasting food is irresponsible.
37. Phrase: "Weather" vs "Whether"
    • Meaning:
      • Weather: The state of the atmosphere.
      • Whether: Expressing a choice between alternatives.
    • Examples:
      1. The weather is nice today.
      2. I don't know whether to go or stay.
      3. Weather can change quickly.
      4. Whether you like it or not, we have to go.
38. Phrase: "Who" vs "Whom"
    • Meaning:
      • Who: Subject pronoun.
      • Whom: Object pronoun.
    • Examples:
      1. Who is coming to the party?
      2. To whom should I address the letter?
      3. Who made this cake?
      4. With whom did you go to the movie?
39. Phrase: "Who's" vs "Whose"
    • Meaning:
      • Who's: Contraction of "who is" or "who has."
      • Whose: Possessive form of "who."
    • Examples:
      1. Who's at the door?
      2. Whose book is this?
      3. Who's been using my computer?
      4. Whose turn is it to drive?
40. Phrase: "Your" vs "You're"
    • Meaning:
      • Your: Possessive form of "you."
      • You're: Contraction of "you are."
    • Examples:
      1. Your car is parked outside.
      2. You're very kind.
      3. Is this your pen?
      4. You're going to love this movie.
41. Phrase: "Access" vs "Excess"
    • Meaning:
      • Access: The means of approaching or entering.
      • Excess: More than necessary.
    • Examples:
      1. You need a password to access the account.
      2. There is an excess of sugar in this dessert.
      3. Access to the building is restricted.
      4. Avoid excess consumption of junk food.
42. Phrase: "Affect" vs "Effect"
    • Meaning:
      • Affect: To influence.
      • Effect: A result.
    • Examples:
      1. The weather can affect your mood.
      2. The effect of the new policy is positive.
      3. Stress affects health.
      4. The effect was immediate.
43. Phrase: "Appraise" vs "Apprise"
    • Meaning:
      • Appraise: To evaluate.
      • Apprise: To inform.
    • Examples:
      1. The jeweller appraised the ring.
      2. He was apprised of the situation.
      3. They will appraise the property.
      4. Please apprise me of any changes.
44. Phrase: "Ascent" vs "Assent"
    • Meaning:
      • Ascent: A climb or rise.
      • Assent: Agreement.
    • Examples:
      1. The ascent to the mountain was tough.
      2. They gave their assent to the proposal.
      3. The plane's ascent was smooth.
      4. He nodded in assent.
45. Phrase: "Bare" vs "Bear"
    • Meaning:
      • Bare: Without covering.
      • Bear: To carry or endure.
    • Examples:
      1. He walked on the bare floor.
      2. I can't bear the pain.
      3. The tree stood bare in winter.
      4. She will bear the responsibility.
46. Phrase: "Capital" vs "Capitol"
    • Meaning:
      • Capital: A city or wealth.
      • Capitol: A building where legislative body meets.
    • Examples:
      1. Paris is the capital of France.
      2. The Capitol is located in Washington, D.C.
      3. She invested capital in the business.
      4. They visited the Capitol during their trip.
47. Phrase: "Climactic" vs "Climatic"
    • Meaning:
      • Climactic: Relating to a climax.
      • Climatic: Relating to climate.
    • Examples:
      1. The movie had a climactic ending.
      2. The climatic conditions are harsh.
      3. It was a climactic moment.
      4. Climatic changes affect agriculture.
48. Phrase: "Collage" vs "College"
    • Meaning:
      • Collage: A piece of art made by sticking various materials.
      • College: An educational institution.
    • Examples:
      1. She made a collage of family photos.
      2. He is studying at a college in London.
      3. The collage was displayed in the gallery.
      4. College life can be exciting.
49. Phrase: "Concur" vs "Conquer"
    • Meaning:
      • Concur: To agree.
      • Conquer: To defeat or overcome.
    • Examples:
      1. I concur with your opinion.
      2. They managed to conquer the mountain.
      3. The board members concurred.
      4. He set out to conquer new challenges.
50. Phrase: "Cite" vs "Site" vs "Sight"
    • Meaning:
      • Cite: To quote or reference.
      • Site: A location.
      • Sight: The ability to see.
    • Examples:
      1. Please cite your sources.
      2. The site is under construction.
      3. The sight of the sunset was beautiful.
      4. He was cited for his achievements.
51. Phrase: "Desert" vs "Dessert"
    • Meaning:
      • Desert: A barren area.
      • Dessert: A sweet course.
    • Examples:
      1. Camels live in the desert.
      2. We had ice cream for dessert.
      3. The desert is vast.
      4. Dessert is my favourite part of the meal.
52. Phrase: "Device" vs "Devise"
    • Meaning:
      • Device: A tool or gadget.
      • Devise: To plan or invent.
    • Examples:
      1. This device is very useful.
      2. We need to devise a new strategy.
      3. He invented a new device.
      4. They devised a clever plan.
53. Phrase: "Discreet" vs "Discrete"
    • Meaning:
      • Discreet: Careful and prudent.
      • Discrete: Separate or distinct.
    • Examples:
      1. Please be discreet about this matter.
      2. The data was divided into discrete categories.
      3. He made discreet inquiries.
      4. These are two discrete issues.
54. Phrase: "Emigrate" vs "Immigrate"
    • Meaning:
      • Emigrate: To leave one's country to live in another.
      • Immigrate: To come to live permanently in a foreign country.
    • Examples:
      1. They decided to emigrate to Australia.
      2. He immigrated to Canada last year.
      3. Many people emigrate for better opportunities.
      4. She plans to immigrate to the UK.
55. Phrase: "Eminent" vs "Imminent"
    • Meaning:
      • Eminent: Famous and respected.
      • Imminent: About to happen.
    • Examples:
      1. An eminent scientist will give a lecture.
      2. A storm is imminent.
      3. He is an eminent scholar.
      4. The decision is imminent.
56. Phrase: "Ensure" vs "Insure"
    • Meaning:
      • Ensure: To make certain.
      • Insure: To arrange for compensation in case of loss.
    • Examples:
      1. Please ensure the door is locked.
      2. We need to insure the car.
      3. The policy ensures coverage.
      4. He insured his house.
57. Phrase: "Farther" vs "Further"
    • Meaning:
      • Farther: Physical distance.
      • Further: Additional degree or extent.
    • Examples:
      1. We walked farther than expected.
      2. He provided further details.
      3. The farther we go, the better.
      4. Further research is needed.
58. Phrase: "Fewer" vs "Less"
    • Meaning:
      • Fewer: Countable items.
      • Less: Uncountable items.
    • Examples:
      1. There are fewer apples in the basket.
      2. We need less sugar in this recipe.
      3. Fewer students attended the class.
      4. I have less time to finish this.
59. Phrase: "Formally" vs "Formerly"
    • Meaning:
      • Formally: Officially or ceremoniously.
      • Formerly: Previously.
    • Examples:
      1. The CEO was formally introduced.
      2. He was formerly a teacher.
      3. She dressed formally for the event.
      4. The building was formerly a school.
60. Phrase: "Good" vs "Well"
    • Meaning:
      • Good: Adjective describing a noun.
      • Well: Adverb describing an action.
    • Examples:
      1. She is a good singer.
      2. He sings well.
      3. The food tastes good.
      4. She performs well under pressure.
61. Phrase: "Imply" vs "Infer"
    • Meaning:
      • Imply: To suggest indirectly.
      • Infer: To conclude from evidence.
    • Examples:
      1. He implied that he was unhappy.
      2. From his tone, I inferred he was upset.
      3. The report implies some issues.
      4. We inferred the results from the data.
62. Phrase: "Its" vs "It's"
    • Meaning:
      • Its: Possessive form of "it."
      • It's: Contraction of "it is" or "it has."
    • Examples:
      1. The cat licked its paws.
      2. It's raining outside.
      3. The company changed its policy.
      4. It's been a long day.
63. Phrase: "Lay" vs "Lie"
    • Meaning:
      • Lay: To place something down.
      • Lie: To recline.
    • Examples:
      1. Lay the book on the table.
      2. I need to lie down.
      3. She lays the baby in the crib.
      4. He lies on the couch every afternoon.
64. Phrase: "Lead" vs "Led"
    • Meaning:
      • Lead: To guide or direct.
      • Led: Past tense of "lead."
    • Examples:
      1. She will lead the team.
      2. He led the group last year.
      3. They need someone to lead them.
      4. She led by example.
65. Phrase: "Loose" vs "Lose"
    • Meaning:
      • Loose: Not tight or free.
      • Lose: To misplace or be deprived of.
    • Examples:
      1. The shirt is too loose.
      2. I don't want to lose my keys.
      3. He let the dog loose.
      4. She will lose her patience.
66. Phrase: "Moral" vs "Morale"
    • Meaning:
      • Moral: Principles of right and wrong.
      • Morale: The confidence or enthusiasm of a group.
    • Examples:
      1. The story has a moral lesson.
      2. The team's morale was high after the win.
      3. She has strong moral values.
      4. The morale in the office improved.
67. Phrase: "Peace" vs "Piece"
    • Meaning:
      • Peace: A state of tranquility.
      • Piece: A portion of something.
    • Examples:
      1. They wish for world peace.
      2. Can I have a piece of cake?
      3. She meditates for inner peace.
      4. He picked up a piece of paper.
68. Phrase: "Principal" vs "Principle"
    • Meaning:
      • Principal: The head of a school or main.
      • Principle: A fundamental truth or belief.
    • Examples:
      1. The principal gave a speech.
      2. Honesty is a core principle.
      3. The principal amount is due.
      4. She stands by her principles.
69. Phrase: "Stationary" vs "Stationery"
    • Meaning:
      • Stationary: Not moving.
      • Stationery: Writing materials.
    • Examples:
      1. The car remained stationary.
      2. She bought new stationery.
      3. He was hit by a stationary object.
      4. The stationery store is nearby.
70. Phrase: "Than" vs "Then"
    • Meaning:
      • Than: Used in comparisons.
      • Then: Refers to time or sequence.
    • Examples:
      1. She is taller than her brother.
      2. First we went to the market, then we had lunch.
      3. He likes apples more than oranges.
      4. Finish your work, then you can play.
71. Phrase: "Their" vs "There" vs "They're"
    • Meaning:
      • Their: Possessive form of "they."
      • There: Refers to a place or existence.
      • They're: Contraction of "they are."
    • Examples:
      1. Their house is beautiful.
      2. Look over there.
      3. They're coming over for dinner.
      4. Their dog is friendly.
72. Phrase: "Threw" vs "Through"
    • Meaning:
      • Threw: Past tense of "throw."
      • Through: Moving in one side and out the other.
    • Examples:
      1. He threw the ball.
      2. We walked through the park.
      3. She threw away the trash.
      4. They drove through the tunnel.
73. Phrase: "To" vs "Too" vs "Two"
    • Meaning:
      • To: Indicates direction or purpose.
      • Too: Also or excessively.
      • Two: The number 2.
    • Examples:
      1. I am going to the store.
      2. She is coming too.
      3. They have two cars.
      4. He is too tired to walk.
74. Phrase: "Waist" vs "Waste"
    • Meaning:
      • Waist: The part of the body between the ribs and hips.
      • Waste: To use carelessly.
    • Examples:
      1. The belt fits around the waist.
      2. Don't waste your money.
      3. She measured her waist.
      4. Wasting food is irresponsible.
75. Phrase: "Weather" vs "Whether"
    • Meaning:
      • Weather: The state of the atmosphere.
      • Whether: Expressing a choice between alternatives.
    • Examples:
      1. The weather is nice today.
      2. I don't know whether to go or stay.
      3. Weather can change quickly.
      4. Whether you like it or not, we have to go.
76. Phrase: "Who" vs "Whom"
    • Meaning:
      • Who: Subject pronoun.
      • Whom: Object pronoun.
    • Examples:
      1. Who is coming to the party?
      2. To whom should I address the letter?
      3. Who made this cake?
      4. With whom did you go to the movie?
77. Phrase: "Who's" vs "Whose"
    • Meaning:
      • Who's: Contraction of "who is" or "who has."
      • Whose: Possessive form of "who."
    • Examples:
      1. Who's at the door?
      2. Whose book is this?
      3. Who's been using my computer?
      4. Whose turn is it to drive?
78. Phrase: "Your" vs "You're"
    • Meaning:
      • Your: Possessive form of "you."
      • You're: Contraction of "you are."
    • Examples:
      1. Your car is parked outside.
      2. You're very kind.
      3. Is this your pen?
      4. You're going to love this movie.
79. Phrase: "Access" vs "Excess"
    • Meaning:
      • Access: The means of approaching or entering.
      • Excess: More than necessary.
    • Examples:
      1. You need a password to access the account.
      2. There is an excess of sugar in this dessert.
      3. Access to the building is restricted.
      4. Avoid excess consumption of junk food.
80. Phrase: "Appraise" vs "Apprise"
    • Meaning:
      • Appraise: To evaluate.
      • Apprise: To inform.
    • Examples:
      1. The jeweller appraised the ring.
      2. He was apprised of the situation.
      3. They will appraise the property.
      4. Please apprise me of any changes.
81. Phrase: "Ascent" vs "Assent"
    • Meaning:
      • Ascent: A climb or rise.
      • Assent: Agreement.
    • Examples:
      1. The ascent to the mountain was tough.
      2. They gave their assent to the proposal.
      3. The plane's ascent was smooth.
      4. He nodded in assent.
82. Phrase: "Bare" vs "Bear"
    • Meaning:
      • Bare: Without covering.
      • Bear: To carry or endure.
    • Examples:
      1. He walked on the bare floor.
      2. I can't bear the pain.
      3. The tree stood bare in winter.
      4. She will bear the responsibility.
83. Phrase: "Capital" vs "Capitol"
    • Meaning:
      • Capital: A city or wealth.
      • Capitol: A building where legislative body meets.
    • Examples:
      1. Paris is the capital of France.
      2. The Capitol is located in Washington, D.C.
      3. She invested capital in the business.
      4. They visited the Capitol during their trip.
84. Phrase: "Climactic" vs "Climatic"
    • Meaning:
      • Climactic: Relating to a climax.
      • Climatic: Relating to climate.
    • Examples:
      1. The movie had a climactic ending.
      2. The climatic conditions are harsh.
      3. It was a climactic moment.
      4. Climatic changes affect agriculture.
85. Phrase: "Collage" vs "College"
    • Meaning:
      • Collage: A piece of art made by sticking various materials.
      • College: An educational institution.
    • Examples:
      1. She made a collage of family photos.
      2. He is studying at a college in London.
      3. The collage was displayed in the gallery.
      4. College life can be exciting.
86. Phrase: "Concur" vs "Conquer"
    • Meaning:
      • Concur: To agree.
      • Conquer: To defeat or overcome.
    • Examples:
      1. I concur with your opinion.
      2. They managed to conquer the mountain.
      3. The board members concurred.
      4. He set out to conquer new challenges.
87. Phrase: "Cite" vs "Site" vs "Sight"
    • Meaning:
      • Cite: To quote or reference.
      • Site: A location.
      • Sight: The ability to see.
    • Examples:
      1. Please cite your sources.
      2. The site is under construction.
      3. The sight of the sunset was beautiful.
      4. He was cited for his achievements.
88. Phrase: "Desert" vs "Dessert"
    • Meaning:
      • Desert: A barren area.
      • Dessert: A sweet course.
    • Examples:
      1. Camels live in the desert.
      2. We had ice cream for dessert.
      3. The desert is vast.
      4. Dessert is my favourite part of the meal.
89. Phrase: "Device" vs "Devise"
    • Meaning:
      • Device: A tool or gadget.
      • Devise: To plan or invent.
    • Examples:
      1. This device is very useful.
      2. We need to devise a new strategy.
      3. He invented a new device.
      4. They devised a clever plan.
90. Phrase: "Discreet" vs "Discrete"
    • Meaning:
      • Discreet: Careful and prudent.
      • Discrete: Separate or distinct.
    • Examples:
      1. Please be discreet about this matter.
      2. The data was divided into discrete categories.
      3. He made discreet inquiries.
      4. These are two discrete issues.
91. Phrase: "Emigrate" vs "Immigrate"
    • Meaning:
      • Emigrate: To leave one's country to live in another.
      • Immigrate: To come to live permanently in a foreign country.
    • Examples:
      1. They decided to emigrate to Australia.
      2. He immigrated to Canada last year.
      3. Many people emigrate for better opportunities.
      4. She plans to immigrate to the UK.
92. Phrase: "Eminent" vs "Imminent"
    • Meaning:
      • Eminent: Famous and respected.
      • Imminent: About to happen.
    • Examples:
      1. An eminent scientist will give a lecture.
      2. A storm is imminent.
      3. He is an eminent scholar.
      4. The decision is imminent.
93. Phrase: "Ensure" vs "Insure"
    • Meaning:
      • Ensure: To make certain.
      • Insure: To arrange for compensation in case of loss.
    • Examples:
      1. Please ensure the door is locked.
      2. We need to insure the car.
      3. The policy ensures coverage.
      4. He insured his house.
94. Phrase: "Farther" vs "Further"
    • Meaning:
      • Farther: Physical distance.
      • Further: Additional degree or extent.
    • Examples:
      1. We walked farther than expected.
      2. He provided further details.
      3. The farther we go, the better.
      4. Further research is needed.
95. Phrase: "Fewer" vs "Less"
    • Meaning:
      • Fewer: Countable items.
      • Less: Uncountable items.
    • Examples:
      1. There are fewer apples in the basket.
      2. We need less sugar in this recipe.
      3. Fewer students attended the class.
      4. I have less time to finish this.
96. Phrase: "Formally" vs "Formerly"
    • Meaning:
      • Formally: Officially or ceremoniously.
      • Formerly: Previously.
    • Examples:
      1. The CEO was formally introduced.
      2. He was formerly a teacher.
      3. She dressed formally for the event.
      4. The building was formerly a school.
97. Phrase: "Good" vs "Well"
    • Meaning:
      • Good: Adjective describing a noun.
      • Well: Adverb describing an action.
    • Examples:
      1. She is a good singer.
      2. He sings well.
      3. The food tastes good.
      4. She performs well under pressure.
98. Phrase: "Imply" vs "Infer"
    • Meaning:
      • Imply: To suggest indirectly.
      • Infer: To conclude from evidence.
    • Examples:
      1. He implied that he was unhappy.
      2. From his tone, I inferred he was upset.
      3. The report implies some issues.
      4. We inferred the results from the data.
99. Phrase: "Its" vs "It's"
    • Meaning:
      • Its: Possessive form of "it."
      • It's: Contraction of "it is" or "it has."
    • Examples:
      1. The cat licked its paws.
      2. It's raining outside.
      3. The company changed its policy.
      4. It's been a long day.
100. Phrase: "Lay" vs "Lie" - Meaning:
     • Lay: To place something down.
     • Lie: To recline. - Examples:
     1. Lay the book on the table.
     2. I need to lie down.
     3. She lays the baby in the crib.
     4. He lies on the couch every afternoon.

Conversation Using All or Most of the List:

Characters:

• John
• Mary
• Paul
• Sarah

John: Hey Mary, did you accept the invitation to the event?

Mary: Yes, I did. Except, I’m not sure if Paul will be able to come.

Paul: Actually, I can come! The change in schedule really affected my plans, but I managed to sort it out.

Sarah: That’s great, Paul. I was worried the rain might affect the turnout.

John: Speaking of rain, the weather had such an effect on my mood this morning. It felt like everything was going wrong.

Mary: I know what you mean. It's like the weather has a mind of its own sometimes. By the way, I received some good advice from Sarah on how to stay positive during these gloomy days.

Paul: That’s helpful. I could use some positive energy. Mary, did you hear that Sarah is planning to emigrate to Australia?

Sarah: Yes, that's right. I've decided to emigrate for better job opportunities. But I'm also excited because I'll be immigrating to a new country and experiencing a different culture.

John: Wow, that's a big move! I’m sure you’ll do great. Speaking of moving, Paul, did you remember to insure your car?

Paul: Yes, I did. I ensured everything was in order before I made the payment. It’s always important to ensure that all bases are covered.

Mary: True. Also, I want to clarify something, Sarah. The last time you mentioned a challenging ascent, did you mean your hiking trip or something else?

Sarah: I was referring to the hike we did. The ascent to the top was tough, but it was worth it. I think I alluded to it when we last spoke.

John: That was an intense climb. Speaking of challenges, Paul, do you remember that project you led last year?

Paul: Yes, I led a team of five on that project. It was a lot of work, but we managed to complete it successfully.

Mary: It’s impressive how you managed to stay organized. By the way, I read an article that alluded to some important principles of effective teamwork. It was quite insightful.

Sarah: That sounds interesting. Teamwork is crucial in any setting. By the way, John, I noticed you mentioned the importance of moral values in your speech the other day.

John: Yes, I believe strong moral values are essential for personal and professional growth. It’s something I always emphasize.

Paul: Absolutely. Morale is also important. The team’s morale was quite high during the project, and that made a significant difference.

Mary: Indeed. And speaking of high spirits, I wanted to share a piece of good news. I’ve been promoted at work!

John: That’s fantastic news! Congratulations, Mary! Your hard work and dedication have really paid off.

Sarah: Congrats, Mary! You definitely deserve it. This calls for a celebration. Maybe we can have a get-together this weekend.

Paul: That sounds like a great idea. Let’s plan something fun. And, John, you can finally show us the new site you’ve been working on.

John: Sure, I’d love to. The construction site is almost finished, and I’d be happy to give you all a tour.

Mary: Looking forward to it. Let’s make this weekend memorable.

Summary and Takeaways:

Lesson Overview:

In this lesson, we covered 100 common English phrases that ESL learners often misuse. By understanding their meanings and seeing them in context through over 300 examples, learners will gain confidence in using these phrases correctly.

Key Phrases Learnt:

Key phrases include "accept vs except," "affect vs effect," and many more essential pairs that often confuse ESL learners.

Practice Exercises:

To reinforce your learning, try using each phrase in a sentence of your own. Write these sentences down and review them regularly.

Tips for Remembering:

Associate each phrase with a memorable context or story. Use flashcards to test yourself and practice regularly.

Further Lessons:

Explore our website for more lessons on English grammar, vocabulary, and usage tips tailored for ESL learners.

Engagement:

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